Youth Defense Systems

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Undervalued: An Assessment of Access to and Quality of Juvenile Defense Counsel in New Hampshire (2020)

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This assessment of access to counsel and quality of representation for New Hampshire’s youth is part of a nationwide effort to systematically review and provide information about the provision of defense counsel in delinquency proceedings. The purpose of a state assessment is to provide policymakers, legislators, defense leadership, and other stakeholders with a thorough understanding…

Overdue for Justice: An Assessment of Access to and Quality of Juvenile Defense Counsel in Michigan (2020)

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This assessment report provides an overview of Michigan’s system of juvenile defense. It examines the extent to which youth in delinquency court are provided with well-qualified and effective counsel at all critical stages and addresses systemic barriers that may impede effective representation and hamper due process and equal protection of the law. It measures structure,…

What are the Immigration Consequences of Delinquency?

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From the introduction: “Addressing juvenile conduct in applications for immigration relief can raise legal and even ethical issues. Some questions advocates frequently have in the course of filing such immigration relief applications for their youth clients include: “What constitutes an arrest? What is a crime? Are youth treated differently than adults for purposes of criminal…

Juvenile Justice Reform Act Testimony

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Minimum Age Policy Brief

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Advocates in Maryland created a series of short policy briefs to educate community members about pressing issues. You can see the others in this series here under “Sample Legislative Advocacy Briefs” on the Policy Page of the Racial Justice Toolkit.

Probation Policy Brief

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Advocates in Maryland created a series of short policy briefs to educate community members about pressing issues. You can see the others in this series here under “Sample Legislative Advocacy Briefs” on the Policy Page of the Racial Justice Toolkit.

Raise the Age Policy Brief

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Advocates in Maryland created a series of short policy briefs to educate community members about pressing issues. You can see the others in this series here under “Sample Legislative Advocacy Briefs” on the Policy Page of the Racial Justice Toolkit.

The Disparate Impact of the Maryland Rules on Black and Brown Individuals: Report to the Rules Review Subcommittee of the Maryland Judiciary’s Committee on Equal Justice

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Youth Prisons Policy Brief

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Advocates in Maryland created a series of short policy briefs to educate community members about pressing issues. You can see the others in this series here under “Sample Legislative Advocacy Briefs” on the Policy Page of the Racial Justice Toolkit.

Ensuring Access for Youth of Color: Raising Race in Policy Advocacy- A Toolkit

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This resource is from the appendix to Ensuring Access: A Policy Advocacy Toolkit. Access Denied found that “[n]o jurisdiction in the United States wholly fulfills the constitutional promise of justice for children.” So, no matter where you live and practice, your jurisdiction can improve. As youth defense advocates, we have a responsibility to identify and…

Report and Recommendations to Address Race in Washington Juvenile Legal System

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Detention Policy Brief

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Advocates in Maryland created a series of short policy briefs to educate community members about pressing issues. You can see the others in this series here under “Sample Legislative Advocacy Briefs” on the Policy Page of the Racial Justice Toolkit.

Report to the Governor and General Assembly on Virginia’s Juvenile Justice System

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Diversion Policy Brief

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Advocates in Maryland created a series of short policy briefs to educate community members about pressing issues. You can see the others in this series here under “Sample Legislative Advocacy Briefs” on the Policy Page of the Racial Justice Toolkit.

Juvenile Interrogation Protection Act Testimony

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Juvenile Facilities Checklist For Defenders: Advocating for the Safety and Well-Being of Young People

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Youth facing time in both secure and non-secure facilities need vigilant advocates who can monitor the conditions of these facilities, and can either prevent the young person’s placement, limit the young person’s length of time in placement, and/or intervene on the young person’s behalf while they are at the placement. Juvenile defenders are ethically bound…

Smart, Safe, and Fair: Strategies to Prevent Youth Violence, Heal Victims of Crime, and Reduce Racial Inequality

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Arizona Bringing Gault Home: An Assessment of Access to and Quality of Juvenile Defense Counsel (2018)

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District of Columbia: An Assessment of Access to and Quality of Juvenile Defense Counsel (2018)

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The National Juvenile Defender Center (NJDC), in partnership with our regional juvenile defender centers and other key stakeholders, has embarked on a nationwide strategy to assess access to and quality of juvenile defense afforded to youth in conflict with the law. Because juvenile justice systems are a state and local responsibility, rather than a federal…

Juvenile Defender’s Guide to Immigration Issues in Juvenile Proceedings

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This guide is designed to provide necessary information to juvenile defenders representing children whose juvenile court involvement may trigger immigration consequences. Although a finding of delinquency is not a “conviction” for purposes of immigration (and, thus, does not have the same dire consequences as a conviction), a juvenile arrest, charge, or adjudication may nonetheless trigger…

Delaware: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Juvenile Delinquency Proceedings (2017)

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NJDC’s expert investigators visited Delaware’s three counties, where they conducted interviews with ODS staff and other juvenile court stakeholders, observed delinquency proceedings, and obtained information and reports from the Delaware Family Courts. Investigators also completed a statutory review of the state’s court rules, laws, and proposed legislation. It was readily apparent that those responsible for…

[Missouri] St. Louis County Family Court: Settlement Agreement 

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On December 14, 2016, the U.S. Department of Justice entered into a settlement agreement with the St. Louis County Family Court to remedy  constitutional violations. The settlement agreement covers policies and practices to ensure the due process and equal protection rights of all youth are upheld. This includes early appointment of youth defense counsel, prohibition…

Increasing Juvenile Appeals: An Underused Critical Check on the Juvenile Delinquency System

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A one-page infographic on juvenile appeal rates.

Juvenile Defense Self-Assessment Tool

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The Juvenile Committee of the National Association for Public Defense (NAPD) and the National Juvenile Defender Center (NJDC) have developed a Self-Assessment Tool that is intended to create an opportunity to reflect on practices in your office that you may not have considered before. We hope you will complete this assessment and fairly consider the…

[Missouri] St. Louis County Family Court: Investigation 

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On July 31, 2015, the U.S. Department of Justice released its investigation findings into the St. Louis County Family Court, finding due process and equal protection violations. The findings include right to counsel violations by denying constitutionally adequate defense representation, privilege against self-incrimination violations by requiring a child to admit to allegations for diversion, inadequate…