Interpretation & Translation

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State v. Reynoso, 2026 N.J. Super. LEXIS 41 (N.J. Ct. App. 2026)

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The New Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division held that the State failed to meet its burden of proving voluntariness of a youth’s Miranda waiver and reversed the trial court’s denial of defense’s suppression motion. Based on a totality-of-circumstances analysis, the court considered the following factors in making its decision: the youth’s Spanish-speaking mother was present…

Juvenile Probation Officer Immigration Tip Sheet: Checklist

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A companion checklist for probation officers, walking through key considerations when working with noncitizen youth.

Juvenile Court Judge Immigration Tip Sheet: General Guidance

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Walks through practical and concrete steps juvenile court judges can take to ensure safe and equitable access to courts for noncitizen and immigrant youth.

Juvenile Probation Officer Immigration Tip Sheet: General Guidance

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Provides tangible opportunities probation officers have to support positive youth development equitably for all youth, regardless of immigration status and circumstances beyond a young person’s control.

Annotated Bibliography: Defending Youth at the Intersection of Race & Disability

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2021-2024 Civil Rights Division Highlights 

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This report, by the U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division outlines key highlights of the Division’s work from 2021 to 2024  across policing, juvenile facilities, schools and beyond. 

Southwest ADA Center, Americans with Disabilities Act Advancing Court Accessibility for Individuals with Disabilities

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Gender Affirming Language in Immigration Court

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Reducing Barriers: A Guide to Obtaining Reasonable Accommodations for People with Disabilities on Supervision

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From the introduction: “This Guide proceeds in four parts. Part I provides a brief overview of the prevalence of disabilities among people under correctional control. Part II summarizes the relevant disability discrimination legal framework, with a focus on the requirement to provide reasonable accommodations. Part III provides an overview of (A) structural obstacles confronting people…

State v. Oscar R. Juracan-Juracan

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The Court considers a question of first impression — whether a criminal defendant must be provided in-person interpreting services, rather than video remote interpreting (VRI) services, at his jury trial.

Amicus Brief from National Association of Judiciary Interpreters & Translators and the American Translators Association in State v. Oscar R. Juracan-Juracan

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“You Have the Right to Keep Quiet”: Translation Inadequacies in Nevada’s Spanish Miranda Warning 

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The landmark case Miranda v. Arizona (1966), the United States Supreme Court required law enforcement agencies to advise all suspects of their “Miranda warnings,” or Constitutional protections, prior to interrogation. Previous research demonstrates that the Miranda warnings in the United States are largely unregulated and highlights how inadequate translations can impact comprehensibility. The present study…

Sample Motion to Suppress Statements

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A sample motion to suppress statements from California in the case of a 17-year old child who is an English Language Learner and special education student with processing disorders. The motion argues statements were made in violation of the 1) Fifth Amendment where the child client did not waive his Miranda rights knowingly, voluntarily, and…

The Bill of Rights, Due Process and the Deaf Suspect/Defendant

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This research paper from the Journal of Interpretation looks at the intersection of a subset of deaf people, who are classified as semilingual (meaning they are functionally illiterate (reading level grade 2.9 or below) and lack proficient English or sign language skills.), and their involvement in the legal system. The research paper examines eleven frequently…