Case Theory

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Oregon v. Johnson, 2025 Or. LEXIS 1863 (Or. 2025)

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The Oregon Court of Appeals held that the trial court erred where it failed to instruct the jury on the “choice-of-evils” defense. The court stated in relevant part: Regarding the first assignment of error, we review a trial court’s refusal to provide a requested jury instruction for legal error. State v. Jackson, 334 Or App…

People v. Clark-Collins, 572 P.3d 604 (Colo. 2025)

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In People v. Clark-Collins, the Supreme Court of Colorado remanded the case ordering the district court to amend its standing order on the presentation and scope of testimony and evidence at a reverse transfer hearing as follows:   “While the trial court has significant discretion regarding the presentation of evidence and the application of the rules of evidence, there are limits. In…

Defending Youth at the Intersection of Race & Disability Webinar- Five Arguments

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Sample Jury Instruction on Adolescent Brain Development and Impulsivity in a Self-Defense Case

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Sample jury instructions on adolescent development in a self-defense case involving staff at a youth facility.

Sample Jury Instruction on Self-Defense for Children Under Colorado Law

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Sample jury instructions for a child acting in lawful self-defense under Colorado law. 

Sample Jury Instruction on the Reasonable Child Standard in a Self-Defense Against Facility Staff Case

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Sample jury instructions requesting the reasonable child standard in a case involving self-defense from unlawful physical force at a youth facility.

Sample Jury Instruction In A Self-Defense Against Facility Staff Case

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Sample jury instructions for self-defense in a case involving a young person defending themself against facility staff’s unlawful use of force or physical restraint against a youth at a residential facility.

Sample Jury Instruction on Unlawful Use of Physical Force by Facility Staff

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Sample jury instructions outlining when physical force is by facility staff is unlawful against a young person.

State v. K.A.B., 475 P.3d 216 (Wash. Ct. App. 2020)

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In State v. K.A.B., the Court of Appeals of Washington held that the youth was entitled to a new capacity hearing based on defense counsel’s failure to thoroughly present a diminished capacity defense and the juvenile court’s application of an incorrect standard for capacity to commit a crime. The court offered the following language in support:  “We reverse K.A.B.’s conviction because she received ineffective assistance of counsel. We…

Prospects For Developing Expert Evidence in Juvenile “Montgomery” Resentencing Cases

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This article from Dr. Antoinette Kavanaugh and Dr. Thomas Grisso examines the roles experts can play in “Montgomery” resentencing cases. From the article: “In summary, experts can play an important role in the approximately five hundred Miller/ Montgomery cases pending in Pennsylvania’s courts. Experts retained by the defense can serve as educators or evaluators. In…

Sample Motion Requesting Child-Centered Mens Rea Analysis

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A sample motion from Alabama requesting a child-centered mens rea analysis that recognizes the well-established differences between adolescent and adult thought processes and the effect that such differences have on an actor’s state of mind. This motion bases its argument for a child-centered mens rea on reasoning as articulated in recent United States Supreme Court…

Sample Investigation Outline for Defenders Representng a Young Person Charged with Arson

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An introductory guide to defending an arson case including what to look for in discovery,  preparation for an arson invesigation, and myths related to arson forensic science.

Wardius v. Oregon, 412 U.S. 470 (1973)

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The U.S. Supreme Court held the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment did not require an accused person to give pretrial notice to the prosecution of his alibi defense and witnesses unless the accused person had reciprocal discovery rights. The conviction was reversed and remanded. To support this ruling, the Court stated:   “Although the…